A collection ofarticles thatexaminethesocialandculturalenvironment surroundingscientificactivityanditseffectson thedevelopmentofearly modern scienceduringthe16th and17th centuries, in European andIslamic contexts. Mostof thearticles werepresentedat the workshopon thetheme“Science and Human Values” which wasorganisedbytheEuropean ScienceFoundation in cooperation with IRCICA andtheTurkish Societyfor HistoryofScience,on 6-7 October 2001, at IRCICA, İstanbul. The workshop was co-chaired by by Prof. Dr. Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu, Secretary General of the Organisation of the IslamicConference, who was then the Director Generalof IRCICA (1980 – Dec.2004),andProf. Dr. John Hedley Brookefrom Oxford University,Chairman of the European Science Foundation. İhsanoğluand Brooke also cooperatedin editingthebook forpublication by IRCICA. The research articles containedin the present book review some trends and developments of early modern science during the 16th and 17th centuries, and explore how various values affectedthem,eitherpositivelyor negatively.Particularattention isdevotedtovaluesbasedon religion, with someof thearticlesgiving new insights into the relation between science and religion and suggesting the proper perspectives to be adopted in the analysis of this relation.