This study tries to analyze the evolution and the final solution of the question of the district of Alexandretta in the French mandated territory of Syria during 1936-1939. The main goal of the work is to explain why the Alexandretta question has emerged and how it was eventually settled. This goal entails an exposition of the eastern Mediterranean and the Levant and the attitude of Syrian Arabs between 1936 and 1939, i.e. what was intended by the governments of Ankara, Paris and Damascus.