This book aims to provide the history of English language teaching in Turkey briefly through the changes in the policies that indicate the development of teaching English. The beginning of the political and commercial relations with England and America in the nineteenth century might be considered as the beginning of English in Turkey. The focus of this book is English as a subject to be taught in state schools since the establishment of the Turkish Republic. As English language teaching plays the key role in achieving international quality education, this book aimed to provide a summary through the efforts spent to review and reform the teaching and learning of English as a foreign language to understand the current state of English language teaching and learning in state schools in Turkey. It also aimed to underline the reasons behind the relatively low level of success in English language teaching and learning in the state educational system through the studies conducted.